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Elements and Performance Criteria

  1. Apply a knowledge of musculoskeletal anatomy to exercise planning, programming, and instruction
  2. Apply related concepts and principles of mechanics to exercise
  3. Apply related concepts of physiology to exercise

Required Skills

Required skills

communication skills including use of common terms when providing instructions clients during fitness activities

literacy skills to

source read comprehend and apply relevant exercise science principles to exercise plans

problemsolving skills to determine modifications due to adaptations of the body to exercise

Required knowledge

basic exercise physiology

anatomy

biomechanics and its application to exercise planning

physiological responses to physical activity

adaptations of the body to exercise

environmental conditions and their relationship to exercise planning

Evidence Required

The evidence guide provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the performance criteria required skills and knowledge range statement and the Assessment Guidelines for the Training Package

Overview of assessment

Critical aspects for assessment and evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit

Evidence of the following is essential

monitor the physiological responses of the body to exercise

explain the adaptations the body makes to exercise

conduct aerobic function assessments

monitor the temperature regulation of the body during exercise

Context of and specific resources for assessment

This unit of competency must be assessed in the context of fitness in Australia For valid and reliable assessment the fitness activity should closely replicate the work environment The environment should be safe with the hazards circumstances and equipment likely to be encountered in a real workplace

This unit of competence should be assessed through the observation of processes and procedures oral and or written questioning on required knowledge and skills and consideration of required attitudes

Where performance is not directly observed and or is required to be demonstrated over a period of time and or in a number of locations any evidence should be authenticated by colleagues supervisors clients or other appropriate persons

Method of assessment

A range of assessment methods should be used to assess practical skills and knowledge The following examples are appropriate for this unit

oral or written questioning to assess knowledge of healthy eating guidelines

portfolio demonstrating evidence of accurate body composition appraisals

thirdparty reports from supervisors detailing work performance

Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector workplace and job role is recommended

Guidance information for assessment


Range Statement

The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording, if used in the performance criteria, is detailed below. Essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) may also be included.

Basic mechanical concepts may include:

types of levers

mechanical advantage.

Cardiovascular system may include:

the major physical characteristics of blood and the functions of its major components

the structure and function of the heart and its major components

the structural and functional characteristics of the conduction systems of the heart

the major events of the cardiac cycle

the structure and function of the various types of blood vessels

the major arteries and veins of the circulatory system

the control of blood flow to skeletal muscle.

Concepts and principles of mechanics may include:

mechanical concepts modelling human movement

gravity

centre of mass

inertia

force and momentum

force production by the body

mechanical concepts related to common exercise equipment

resistance and or resistance arm

force and or force arm

axis of rotation

variable resistance.

Directional terms may include:

flexion

extension

dorsiflexion

plantar flexion

abduction

adduction

circumduction

rotation

supination

pronation

inversion

eversion

protraction

retraction

elevation

depression.

Energy systems may include:

duration and intensity of exercise effect energy contribution from the main energy systems utilised during different forms of exercise

adenosine triphosphate

phosphocreatine

anaerobic glycolysis

exercise programs that utilise of fatty acid metabolism

energy system adaptations

effect of energy intake affects the breakdown of energy substrates

body systems involved in production of energy.

Environmental conditions may include:

adaptations of the body to hot and cold environmental conditions

physiological and biomechanical differences of exercising in the heat compared to normal adaptive conditions

physiological and biomechanical differences of exercising in the cold compared to normal adaptive conditions

acute and chronic effects of exercising in water

the mechanism whereby the body regulates internal temperature in responses to environmental changes and exercise

dehydration and the importance of water intake and or re-hydration during exercise

physiological demands placed on the body from smoking

need for a comprehensive preparation phase to avoid heat or cold stress

mobility

general preparation

pre stretch

specific preparation.

Fitness equipment may include:

rowers

steppers

steps

treadmills

stationary cycles

VO2 max shuttle run test recordings

heart rate monitors

ratings of perceived exertion

'norm' charts.

Forces may include:

resistive

motive

friction

centre of gravity

centre of force, equipment and muscles.

Functional appraisals may include:

anthropometry

aerobic responses

cardiovascular responses

strength

endurance

flexibility.

Measurement methods may include:

heart rate response

pulse response

blood pressure response

respiration rate response

skin colour response

perceived exertion

exercise form

work output.

Metabolic products may include:

lactate

carbon dioxide

water.

Muscle groups may include:

prime mover

fixators

assistors.

Physiological responses may include:

the acute responses to the onset of exercise

cardiovascular system

heart rate response

blood volume

blood pressure

stroke volume

cardiac output

respiratory system

respiratory rate

immune system

nervous system

musculoskeletal system

endocrine system

the regulation of blood flow during exercise

the shifts in the distribution of blood to various areas of the body during exercise.

Physiological adaptations may include:

distinguish between central and peripheral fitness adaptations

explain the central and peripheral adaptations of the body to anaerobic training and aerobic training.

Processes may include:

glycolysis

gluconeogenesis

lipolysis

use of protein as fuel.

Range of motion may include:

sit and reach

goniometers

electronic.

Skeletal anatomy may include:

bones

structure and mechanics of bone

the biomechanical properties of bone

the responses of bone to weight bearing activities

bone formation, growth, and remodelling

the influence of diet on bone homeostasis

the influence of age on bone homeostasis

major bones and major landmarks of the skeleton

bone markings

tuberosity

crest

trochanter

line

tubercle

epicondyle

spine

head

facet

condyle

ramus

meatus

sinus

fossa

groove

fissure

foramen

directional terms used to define positions of bones and landmarks

structural regionalisation of the vertebral column and the implications for movement

normal and abnormal spinal curvatures and the implications of these conditions for physical activity

joints

joints related to exercise

intervertebral

sternoclavicular

sternocostal

acromioclavicular

glenohumeral

elbow

radioulnar

radiocarpal

metacarpophalangeal

pubic symphysis

coxal

tibiofibular

femoropatellar

tibiofibular

ankle

metarsophalangeal

structure and function of joints

fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial joints

anatomical structure of joints.

Skeletal muscle contraction may include:

the main features of nerves and the nervous system related to exercise

nervous system classification and structure

central or peripheral

afferent or efferent

voluntary or involuntary

structure of a motor neuron

generation and conduction a motor impulse

reflex arcs

the neural innervation of muscles for movement and proprioception

the types of muscle contraction, and the relationship between muscle force and external load for each

the factors influencing muscle contraction

length tension relationship

motor unit recruitment

muscle fibre types

mechanical advantage of joint position

force velocity relationships

size principle

reciprocal inhibition,

agonist or antagonist relationship.

Structure and function of muscles may include:

the transfer of metabolites between blood and muscles

the general relationship between nerves and skeletal muscle

the major postural muscles

pectoralis minor

serratus anterior

intercostals

brachialis

pronator teres

brachioradialis

flexor carpi radialis

palmaris longus

extensor carpi radialis longus

flexor carpi ulnaris

extensor carpi ulnaris

extensor digitorum

external oblique

rhomboid major

rhomboid minor

levator scapulae

teres minor

supraspinatus

infraspinatus

internal oblique

gluteus maximum

gluteus medius

gluteus minimus

transverse abdominis

iliotibial tract

adductor magnus

biceps femoris

semitendinosus

semimembranosus

iliopsoas

tensor fasciae latae

sartorius

adductor longus

gracilis

the purpose of connective tissues

ligaments

elbow

radial collateral ligament

ulnar collateral ligament

knee

fibular, ie, lateral, collateral ligament

patella ligament

anterior cruciate ligament

tibial, ie, medial, collateral ligament

posterior cruciate ligament

shoulder

acromio clavicular ligament

ankle

tendon

achilles tendon

patella tendon

pelvic floor muscles

Weight bearing may include:

own body weight

added resistance

pin loaded

hydraulic

free weight

air braked

water environment.