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The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording, if used in the performance criteria, is detailed below. Essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) may also be included. |
Basic mechanical concepts may include: | types of leversmechanical advantage. |
Cardiovascular system may include: | the major physical characteristics of blood and the functions of its major componentsthe structure and function of the heart and its major componentsthe structural and functional characteristics of the conduction systems of the heartthe major events of the cardiac cyclethe structure and function of the various types of blood vesselsthe major arteries and veins of the circulatory systemthe control of blood flow to skeletal muscle. |
Concepts and principles of mechanics may include: | mechanical concepts modelling human movementgravitycentre of massinertiaforce and momentumforce production by the bodymechanical concepts related to common exercise equipmentresistance and or resistance armforce and or force armaxis of rotationvariable resistance. |
Directional terms may include: | flexionextensiondorsiflexionplantar flexionabductionadductioncircumductionrotationsupinationpronationinversioneversionprotractionretractionelevationdepression. |
Energy systems may include: | duration and intensity of exercise effect energy contribution from the main energy systems utilised during different forms of exerciseadenosine triphosphatephosphocreatineanaerobic glycolysisexercise programs that utilise of fatty acid metabolismenergy system adaptationseffect of energy intake affects the breakdown of energy substratesbody systems involved in production of energy. |
Environmental conditions may include: | adaptations of the body to hot and cold environmental conditionsphysiological and biomechanical differences of exercising in the heat compared to normal adaptive conditionsphysiological and biomechanical differences of exercising in the cold compared to normal adaptive conditionsacute and chronic effects of exercising in waterthe mechanism whereby the body regulates internal temperature in responses to environmental changes and exercisedehydration and the importance of water intake and or re-hydration during exercisephysiological demands placed on the body from smokingneed for a comprehensive preparation phase to avoid heat or cold stressmobilitygeneral preparationpre stretchspecific preparation. |
Fitness equipment may include: | rowerssteppersstepstreadmillsstationary cyclesVO2 max shuttle run test recordingsheart rate monitorsratings of perceived exertion'norm' charts. |
Forces may include: | resistivemotivefrictioncentre of gravitycentre of force, equipment and muscles. |
Functional appraisals may include: | anthropometryaerobic responsescardiovascular responsesstrengthenduranceflexibility. |
Measurement methods may include: | heart rate responsepulse responseblood pressure responserespiration rate responseskin colour responseperceived exertionexercise formwork output. |
Metabolic products may include: | lactatecarbon dioxidewater. |
Muscle groups may include: | prime moverfixatorsassistors. |
Physiological responses may include: | the acute responses to the onset of exercisecardiovascular systemheart rate responseblood volumeblood pressurestroke volumecardiac outputrespiratory systemrespiratory rateimmune systemnervous systemmusculoskeletal systemendocrine systemthe regulation of blood flow during exercisethe shifts in the distribution of blood to various areas of the body during exercise. |
Physiological adaptations may include: | distinguish between central and peripheral fitness adaptationsexplain the central and peripheral adaptations of the body to anaerobic training and aerobic training. |
Processes may include: | glycolysisgluconeogenesislipolysisuse of protein as fuel. |
Range of motion may include: | sit and reachgoniometerselectronic. |
Skeletal anatomy may include: | bonesstructure and mechanics of bonethe biomechanical properties of bonethe responses of bone to weight bearing activitiesbone formation, growth, and remodellingthe influence of diet on bone homeostasisthe influence of age on bone homeostasismajor bones and major landmarks of the skeletonbone markingstuberositycresttrochanterlinetubercleepicondylespineheadfacetcondyleramusmeatussinusfossagroovefissureforamendirectional terms used to define positions of bones and landmarksstructural regionalisation of the vertebral column and the implications for movementnormal and abnormal spinal curvatures and the implications of these conditions for physical activityjointsjoints related to exerciseintervertebralsternoclavicularsternocostalacromioclavicularglenohumeralelbowradioulnarradiocarpalmetacarpophalangealpubic symphysiscoxaltibiofibularfemoropatellartibiofibularanklemetarsophalangealstructure and function of jointsfibrous, cartilaginous and synovial jointsanatomical structure of joints. |
Skeletal muscle contraction may include: | the main features of nerves and the nervous system related to exercisenervous system classification and structurecentral or peripheralafferent or efferentvoluntary or involuntarystructure of a motor neurongeneration and conduction a motor impulsereflex arcsthe neural innervation of muscles for movement and proprioceptionthe types of muscle contraction, and the relationship between muscle force and external load for eachthe factors influencing muscle contractionlength tension relationshipmotor unit recruitmentmuscle fibre typesmechanical advantage of joint positionforce velocity relationshipssize principlereciprocal inhibition, agonist or antagonist relationship. |
Structure and function of muscles may include: | the transfer of metabolites between blood and musclesthe general relationship between nerves and skeletal musclethe major postural musclespectoralis minorserratus anteriorintercostalsbrachialispronator teresbrachioradialisflexor carpi radialispalmaris longusextensor carpi radialis longusflexor carpi ulnarisextensor carpi ulnarisextensor digitorumexternal obliquerhomboid majorrhomboid minorlevator scapulaeteres minorsupraspinatusinfraspinatusinternal obliquegluteus maximumgluteus mediusgluteus minimustransverse abdominisiliotibial tractadductor magnusbiceps femorissemitendinosussemimembranosusiliopsoastensor fasciae lataesartoriusadductor longusgracilisthe purpose of connective tissuesligamentselbowradial collateral ligamentulnar collateral ligamentkneefibular, ie, lateral, collateral ligamentpatella ligamentanterior cruciate ligamenttibial, ie, medial, collateral ligamentposterior cruciate ligamentshoulderacromio clavicular ligamentankletendonachilles tendonpatella tendonpelvic floor muscles |
Weight bearing may include: | own body weightadded resistancepin loadedhydraulicfree weightair brakedwater environment. |